It was one of the incidents that turned Punjab politics upside down and showed the world how divided the communities are in the most prosperous state of the country. In 1880 there was 1 Rayat family living in Missouri. Vishal Sikka, served as Executive Vice Chairman, CEO, and MD of Infosys. Caste discrimination in the Sikh community is based majorly on land ownership rather than the general perceptions of caste discrimination. Makan (also spelt Maken/Makin/Maakan/Mawkin), Mostly from Haria (Gujrat district). [7][8], Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, commander of the Ramgarhia Misl[9], Bhai Lalo, one of Guru Nanak's first devotees, Zail Singh, served as the seventh president of India, Makhan Singh (Kenyan trade unionist), a political activist, Harbhajan Singh, Indian retired cricketer, Joginder Singh (rally driver), professional rally driver, Suzanne Virdee, British journalist and television presenter, Peter Virdee, businessman and property tycoon, This article is about the Punjabi community. Rana are originally Rajput. Theory 1: Panini mentioned Vatraka clan found in Punjab. Mazhabis and Rangretas have a glorious history as soldiers, but unfortunately, they never found a place equal to the upper castes in Sikhs. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. [2] One of the most effective ways to protect your garden from pests is to use natural predators. [2], Pal is also used as a surname by the Bengali Hindu Potters (Kumbhakars),[4][5] and other castes Like Teli,[5] Subarnabanik and Sadgop. Kaushal is used as family name or last name in The Punjab area of India. Both these experts said Dalits in Sikhism are classified just as they are in Hinduism. Experts on caste in Sikhism told ThePrint that though the religion envisages an egalitarian society, it never fully achieved it. News and opinion website that brings you reports and narrative from a perspective often ignored or suppressed by the mainstream media of India.
Dhiman Shashan in Punjab - Jangid Brahmin Samaj Pal is a surname of the Thakuri people of Nepal. Derived from the word "Bhatta" which has multiple meanings. translates to first, chief, greatest, highest etc. Bhalla is likely derived from Bahlika vedic clan. Nanda noted that the reptile can literally \u201cstand up and look a person in the eye\u201d. Denzil Ibbetson, Punjab's deputy superintendent in the 1881 census, who later also worked as the province's Lieutenant-Governor, has written in detail about these converts. Harish K. Puri, retired professor of political science and B.R.
Rayat Name Meaning & Rayat Family History at Ancestry.co.uk You can see how Rayat families moved over time by selecting different census years. Most popular first names with surname Rayat: Avtar Singh Rayat Catherine Rayat Clementine Rayat Franois Rayat [citation needed] The rulers of Kullu held the surname Pal up to about the 15th century A.D., which they later changed to Singh. It irked the Dalit community that resulted in riots that continued for days. Earlier, they were a part of the army of Guru Gobind Singh.. In 1880 there was 1 Rayat family living in Missouri. Some helped build infrastructure such as the Uganda Railway and worked freely as citizens of the Commonwealth of Nations and later went onto become prominent figures in business and politics. Jatt Surname Very extensive list of Jatt surnames. So there is every probability that a number of brahmana families were mixed up with members of other varnas in forming the present Kayastha and Vaidya communities of Bengal. It is anglicized version of Goruwara. As a result, Dalit Sikhs were forced to establish separate Gurudwaras. For other uses, see, Tarkhan, carpenter caste of the Panjab - Tashrih al-aqvam (1825), Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 20:19, "List of Backward Classes | Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department, Government of Haryana", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarkhan_(Punjab)&oldid=1141586195, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 20:19. [17], Historian Guptajit Pathak believes that the Palas of Kamarupa, who had the same surname as the Palas of Bengal and Bihar (Gaura and Magadha), "were perhaps of non-Aryan origin". The Hindu Jat kingdom reached its zenith under Maharaja Suraj Mal (17071763). In 1880 there was 1 Rayat family living in Missouri. But their common ancestor was born under a Beri tree which is why they adapted this surname. This surname is discontinued by Khatris as it carries a lower caste connotation. Dr Ronki Ram, another expert on Punjabs Dalits, who teaches at Panjab University, Chandigarh, concurred. Sadly, Dalit Christians are also becoming a thing, and the Dalit community in Christianity is building their own churches as they are ridiculed by the upper caste Christians. During Britain's reign in India, they actively recruited those from the Tarkhan community to work in construction and enabled many to travel to countries within the British Empire, mainly former British colonies such as Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania where there still remains a population of Tarkhan's today as well as those from the Gujrati community. They were originally Maggo Khatris of Multan who migrated to Sindh in 1701. Multimedia, a journalist by profession. The following is a list of last names of the Khatri community of Northern India and Pakistan listed in alphabetical order: ( IAS officer, Famous Author, Poet, Authority writer on Chhattisgarh's History & Culture. Interestingly, it shows how these landlords had exploited the immigrant workers for decades by paying them less. Punjabi surname.It was originally used as a middle name but some punjabi Khatris adopted it as a surname. India needs fair, non-hyphenated and questioning journalism, packed with on-ground reporting. The matter went to court, and the judgement came in favour of the Dalits, but it was again refused by the Jat Sikhs. Mar 24, 2008 #12 Kataria is missing . Ja (similar to Zai in Pashto) is a suffix denoting a descendant of. Many common Indian surnames have a rich family history and religious meaning in Hindi. They strictly followed the principle of caste endogamy, Ram told ThePrint. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Rayat ancestors lived in harsh conditions. But this did not translate into practice, said noted scholar and subject expert Dr Harish Puri. A caste represent any group of people which are known by their profession, ethnicity and Birth. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Rayat surname lived.
Hindu Punjabi - Who Are They? - WHAT'S HAPPENING? - SIKH SANGAT [citation needed] Pal is also used as a surname by the Punjabi Khatri community. They have also been looking up his surname, "Sunak", to understand his lineage. [citation needed], Pal is also used as a surname by the Punjabi Khatri community. The title was awarded to Khatris on basis of their qualities.
Odia actor Pintu Nanda passes away while undergoing treatment at 45 Bakshi surname is also found among Jews. There are two broad categories: Jat (jut) and Khat (t)ri (kh - schwa - t - r - long e). Several studies have suggested that Jat Sikhs and other upper castes often refuse to associate with them during religious ceremonies. They are descendants of a person named Gadh. They have, however, witnessed some upward mobility due to their being part of the British Mazhabi regiments.
Nutrient Deficiencies Performance & security by Cloudflare. The most Rayat families were found in USA in 1920. MN Madan, led a research team that performed the first successful IV fertilisation of a buffalo leading to the birth of a calf. He pointed out that Dalits converted to Sikhism to escape the caste system, only to find themselves back at square one. Sikh religion itself evolved over centuries. Anand Khatris are likely descendants of a person named Anand. As per notification dated 4/5-12-2002 issued by state of Punjab, Department of Welfare, the "Mochi" caste has been excluded from the list of Backward Classes w.e.f. Unlike other contemporary dynasties, the Palas "do not claim descent from any mythological figure or epic hero". Virtual International Conference on "Amelioration In Nursing Education, Research and Clinical Practice-Focusing On E-Health In Digital Native Era", not only bring all the researchers, students at one platform but also inculcates the research culture among the entire fraternity . Notably, Channis appointment as CM of Punjab is termed as the first in history that someone from the Dalit community has become Chief Minister. In Feb 2021, then-Union Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad said that Dalits who had shunned their faith and converted to Islam and Christianity would not be permitted to contest parliamentary or assembly elections from constituencies reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) and will not be allowed to claim other reservation benefits. Muslim Mochi also excluded from BC list of Punjab Government. The dynasty is so called because the names of all kings had the termination - Pala.
We need your support to fight them. There are 28 census records available for the last name Rayat. In a caste system birth determines the status of some one. It is corruption of the word Kshatra (meaning warrior). Ahuja
(PDF) A Study on Safety Measures with reference to Human Resource Between the fifth or sixth centuries (when we first hear of them) and the eleventh-twelfth centuries, its component elements were putative Kshatriyas and, for the larger majority Brahmins, who either retained their caste identity or became Buddhists while laying down the sacred thread. Shiv Dayal Singh Seth, founder of the Radhasoami religious movement.
Punjab's many Dalit Sikhs - Ramdasia, Ravidasia, Mazhabis - ThePrint 89.47.163.153 Whether youre growing them in your backyard or buying them from the store, tomatoes can be a great addition to any meal. "According to Manjusree Mulakalpa, Gopala I was a sudra and according to Abul Fazl, the Palas were Kayasthas." These were the scavengers or sweepers communities. These are believed to be lineal descendants of Rishi Hiranyabha Kaushal. Both communities blamed each other, but reportedly Dalits faced maximum damage. These communities initially converted to Sikhism to get rid of their caste. Sanskrit sources such as Rajtarangini however do not yet regard Kayastha as a caste in any sense but as a category of "officials" or "scribes". [6], The Pardhi, a hunter community of Maharashtra, is also known as Pal.
65 Common Punjabi Surnames Or Last Names With Meanings - MomJunction During the first twenty years that I had spent in my home town in the Malwa region, for 15 years, I did not come across any atrocities against Dalit Sikhs, but it was only after an incident that took place near my house that changed my perspective. The Tarkhan is a large Clan commonly found in the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. Caste discourse around Charanjit Channi's elevation has surprised many, especially as Sikhism espouses equality. Q3 Which is Lowest Caste in Punjab? [9], In imitation of Pal dynasty of Assam, the Chutia (pronounced as Sutia) also took the surname of Pal. Sikhs have over 25 castes recorded in censuses from 1881 to 1921 named Jats, Khatris, Aroras, Ramgarhias, Ahluwalias, Bhapas, Bhattras, Rais, Sainis, Lobanas, Kambojs, Ramdasias, Ravidasias, Rahtias, Mazhbis, and Rangretas. Chava refers to an elephant. Title given to governors during medieval period. Originally used as a middle name but some people adapted it as a surname and carried it along with next generations.
Who are Dalit Sikhs? New Punjab CM Channi's caste is just - ThePrint Q2 Which Caste is General Category in Punjab? Dham is Khatri surname common in Hindu and Sikh Punjabi Community. Birth, Marriage & Death, including Parish, Operated by Ancestry Ireland Unlimited Company. When asked, he said that his community never visited the main Gurudwara. Untouchability was practiced against them even in the new religion., According to Puri, Dalits were even kept out of gurdwaras for a long time. Bakshi was a Mughal era title with various meanings. On June 5, 2003, Dalit Sikhs and the dominant Jat-Sikhs came face-to-face over the management of Shaheed Baba Nihal Singh shrine. For the veterans among your Rayat ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. All media houses mentioned that new Punjab CM Channi is a Dalit Sikh. Read More About This Surname Kaushal Surname Distribution Map + Leaflet | Population data Forebears Pests such as voles, chipmunks, gophers, squirrels, mice, and birds can wreak havoc on your garden if left unchecked. The elevation of Charanjit Singh Channi, a Dalit Sikh, as Punjabs new chief minister has highlighted the complex caste equations in the state.
Jaat Caste List 2023 New Punjab CM Channi's caste is just one among a complex hierarchy. Bhutani = Bhat (warrior) + ani (descandant). Kanshi Ram, the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) founder, was a clean-shaven Ramdasia Sikh from Ropar (now Rupnagar). It is primarily found in Asia, where 88 percent of Rayat reside; 84 percent reside in South Asia and 50 percent reside in Indo-South Asia. Puri said Dalit Sikhs continue to be oppressed at the hands of the dominant community the Jatt Sikhs. It was used by clan leaders. Many of them moved to Shikarpur Sindh from Punjab. In reality, caste is very much part of Punjabs rural as well as urban ethos.
But Sikhs have a caste hierarchy almost similar to Hinduism, though most scholars on the subject agree that in the case of Sikhism, the demarcations between the hierarchies are not very strict and over the years, caste differentiation has shifted from the principles of purity and pollution to the material and political.
The Punjab - Page 92 When Police intervened, it had to open fire, and one Dalit Sikh was killed. Chhabar translates to mountain. Bajaj is a Mughal era title "Bazaz" given to clothiers. After a `day or two, they return the linen washed, sometimes starched and ironed.
List of Scheduled Castes in Punjab - Punjab Govt. Notification Ancient Sanskrit title that can be used by any Kshatriya like Sharman/Sharma can be used by any Brahmin. It was not told but assumed, as per him, that they should go to their Gurudwara only. One of the most common causes of toma, Gardening Tips for Growing Tomatoes | Everything You Need to Know, Gardening is an incredibly rewarding activity, and tomatoes are one of the most popular crops to grow. Aharya Aharya comes from Sanskrit and means "firm," "unmovable," and "unflinching." It also refers to a mountain. So much so that the government of India also recognize the Dalit community in Sikhs, and they are eligible for the benefits of reservation under different schemes.
\u2018Absolutely scary\u2019: IFS officer shares video of King Cobra Punjab's dalit conundrum: A look into Sikhs' caste identity Aashim Mongia, Asian Games bronze medalist in Sailing, Gaurav Munjal(co-founder of Unacademy),Om Prakash Munjal (founder of Hero MotoCorp), Gujranwala (Eminabad, Hafizabad, Wazirabad), Jhelum, Lahore, Admiral Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda, Indian navy chief during 1971 war, Major Daljit Singh Narang, Mahaveer Chakra awardee, Prince Narula, Nirmal Baba, Achin Narula, only person to win 7 Crores in KBC, Wing Commander Jag Mohan Nath, Mahaveer Chakra in 1965 Indo-Pak War, Mahaveer Chakra awardee Captain Anuj Nayyar, Kunal Nayyar (Raj in Big Bang Theory), Kapil Dev (Indian cricket captain during 1983 World Cup win), Vivek Oberoi, Mohan Singh Oberoi (founder of Oberoi Hotels), Sanam Puri, Amrish Puri, Om Puri, Aroon Purie (founder of IndiaToday and AajTak), Suzanne Sablok (Miss Universe 1990 representative from India), Prashant Sachdev (Mr. India 2004), Nikhil Sachdeva (Roadies 11 winner), Tania Sachde, Air Chief Marshal Satish Kumar Sareen(Indian Air force chief), Baba Sehgal (1st rapper of India), Prem Kumar Sahgal (commander of Azad Hind Fauj), Surekha Sikri (played Dadisa in Balika Vadhu). With 63% Sikhs, Punjab is a Sikh-majority state. Sikhism remained far from a casteless society,, Sikh religion itself evolved over centuries. Missouri had the highest population of Rayat families in 1880. They are originally Chopras. On the other hand, In May last year, Ghanauri Khurd village in Punjabs Sangrur district was in the news for all the wrong reasons.
Rayat Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears Bahri translates to 12.
Admiral Sureesh Mehta, Indian Navy chief , Vipul Mehta (won Indian Idol 6) Mehtas in Punjab are 99% Brahmins title . entered with his caste intact, Puri said. 27.05.2002. The name is probably given to the clan on basis of their personality which was serious or "gambhir" in Punjabi. But why such resolutions happened across the state of Punjab? [10], Pal was also a popular surname among the Parmar Rajput rulers of the Garhwal. They strictly followed the principle of caste endogamy, Ram told ThePrint. Nico has put together an impressive list of tomato varieties for 2021. Behind-the-scene drama: How Sidhu scotched Jakhars & Randhawas chance before agreeing on Channi, Congress got the messaging right in Punjab but the Gandhis and Sidhu cant celebrate yet, Eye on Lingayat vote, BJP likely to make Yediyurappa Karnataka campaign chief, In Raisina Dialogue, Meloni says Italy deeply European, shares peninsular culture with India. Dohana () is the name of a great warrior who fought on rutaarmans side in the war against Sryaprabha, according to the Kathsaritsgara, chapter 48. Whether you live in India or overseas, you can take a paid subscription by clicking here. BDS , is approved by Council of India (DCI). The surname Pal (or Paul) is found in Bengal among Bengali Kayasthas. In his EPW piece, Ronki Ram also wrote that among the Mazhabis, there are the Rangretas who consider themselves superior.
Most Common Surnames in Punjab, With Meanings - Forebears Ahuja: Ahuja mainly belongs to Punjabis and Sikhs. Also Jhelum and Rawalpindi, Bhakkar, Mianwali, Multan, Gujrat district, General Ved Prakash Malik, Indian army chief during Kargil War, LK Advani, co-founder of BJP (Note: Advani is a subsection of Sindhi Mago Khatri), JC and KC Mahindra, founders of Mahindra & Mahindra, Raja Sukh Jiwan Mal, The ruler of Kashmir, General Om Prakash Malhotra, Army chief; Siddharth Malhotra, Anushka Manchandna(won Khatron Ke Khiladi 2), General JJ Singh Marwah, Indian Army chief, Air Force Chiefs: Air Chief Marshal Om Prakash Mehra, Air Chief Marshal Surinder Kumar Mehra, All over Punjab & NWFP (it was a title given to clan leaders and big landowners). Whether youre growing heirloom varieties or hybrids, tomatoes offer something for everyone. When it comes to planting tomatoes, the first step is choosing the right variety for your climate and soil type. The Kamauly Copper Plate inscription suggests that Palas call themselves Kshatriyas belonging to Solar dynasty. Punjab has a deep-rooted problem of castes and contrary to popular belief it is practices among Sikhs too. Ananda is an ancient Sanskrit title. The community played an important role in the development of the martial Khalsa panth of Sikhism. Dhadwar and Birk are Jatt names - how come they are not up there? [2][3] Historian Tej Ram Sharma mentions that the surname is "now confined to Kayasthas of Bengal" while referring to the names of Brahmins ending in such Kayastha surnames in the early inscriptions dating back to the Gupta period. popularity and diffusion This last name is the 65,651 st most commonly held surname on a worldwide basis It is held by around 1 in 958,888 people. Copyright 2022 Printline Media Pvt. Dalit castes in Hindus embraced Sikhism because they wanted to gain social equality, but it did not happen, Ronki Ram said. Thakral not to be confused with Thukral, also known as a surname from the Dogra caste. Forefathers ruled a small suba which is an area a part of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, All over West Punjab, Quetta (Baluchistan). S. sudhirudar Member. Tarkhan Sikh's make up less than 10% of the Sikh population worldwide. Dhuria caste in UP is different from Dhuria caste in Punjab. The Tarkhan is a large Clan commonly found in the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. This year, many gardeners are looking for new varieties of tomatoes to try out in their gardens. The reason why it is used as a surname is unknown. That was the first time I came to know Sikhs do practice caste. Click. Chopad () translates to 14. Popular Odia actor Pintu Nanda passed away during treatment at a private hospital in Hyderabad. Their gotra is Bharadwaj and purohit are Saraswat Brahmins. During the 1960's and 1970's, especially during Expulsion of Asians from Uganda much of the community moved out of East Africa and settled in the United Kingdom as they were given British citizenship as members of the Commonwealth of Nations. The matter went to court again, and Dalits got another judgement in their favour resulting in the Jat Sikhs walking out from the management altogether. Notably, 72% of the Sikhs live in the rural areas of Punjab. S. sudhirudar Member. Title given to an owner of a big amount of land. Arora was a regional title used by Khatris living in this region. Complete Jaat caste list is given below. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pal_(surname)&oldid=1142763304, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 06:46. They are traditionally carpenters by occupation. But this did not translate into practice, said noted scholar and subject expert Dr Harish Puri. In her paper titled Jat Sikhs: A Question of Identity, Ravinder Kaur, professor of sociology at IIT Delhi, said that Caste as an occupational division of labour was, and is, very much a part of village life. This is evident despite the fact that Sikh doctrine rejected the institution of caste. Dalits in Christianity are also demanding rights to benefits under different schemes, but it has been denied. The search for alternative cultural space forced Dalit Sikhs to form or associate with Deras and different religious denominations. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. However, caste-based discrimination is still observed by the majority of Sikhs across the world. Even though they are in a higher percentage in the state, the Dalit community does not have landowners. Many Tarkhan Sikh's maintain a traditional Sikh appearance, where males wear a turban, known as a dastar and practice keeping their hair uncut, known as Kesh (Sikhism). Sarin not be confused with Sareen (Khatriya Caste) from Sialkot, (Pakistan). Ans: Brahman, Jaat, Kshatriya, Rajput & Saini + more Caste is in General Category in Punjab State. Ans: The name of that cast is Chamar & Dalit. It is no surprise they are enlisted among. Jaat Caste List : The Jat people are a community of traditionally non-elite peasants and herders in Northern India and Pakistan.Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. From nutrient deficiencies to disease, there are a number of things that can cause your tomato plants to become sickly or unproductive. These Castes have many surnames and types of Castes in Punjab State. Most Common Last Names In Punjab. It is traditionally believed that 'Pal' originated from the Sanskrit pala meaning protector or keeper. Who are Dalit Sikhs? Sikhism remained far from a casteless society, he wrote in an article titled Social exclusion, resistance and deras, in the Economic and Political Weekly in 2017. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. Abhepal, Ahdi / Aedi, Ajimal, Arhi / Ari, Assi, Attar, Assal, Atli, Bagga, Bahra, Bansal, Basrai, Bassan, Bhangra, Bhachu, Babra / Bhamra / Bamrah / Bimrao / Bumra, Bhadale, Bhadeshwar, Bharaj, Bhardwaj, Bharmi, Bhatti, Bhari, Bharya, Bhambar, Bhede, Bhele, Bhela, Bhoday ,Bhogal, Bhinder, Bhui / Bhuhee, Bhullar, Bhurji, Birdi, Bilkhu, Biyan, Burmi, Butar, Chahal, Chadha, Chaggar, Chana / Chanay, Chani / Channi, Chania, Chilotra, Chude, Dadiala, Dahela / Dahele, Daffu, Dahion, Dalmotra, Deogan, Dev, Deve, Deosi, Devgan, Dhadial, Dhami, Dhamu, Dhanjal, Dhaunsi, Dhilon, Dhiman, Dhiraj Diurha/Deorey, Dhuparh, Gabbi, Gabhria, Gahle, Gahir, Gaidu, Galsinh, Gansi, Ghatoura, Ghareyal, Ghuldu, Ghundu, Gill, Godan, Gundeo, Jabbal, Jagdeo / Jagdev, Jamwal, Jaswal, Jaskalyan, Jandu, Jhass, Jheeta/Jheete, Jheont, Jutla, Kaler, Kalah, Kalgotra, Kalsi, Kalyan, Kansal, Kelley, Kensray, Kesar, Khambay, Kharay, Khamba, Khokhar, Koushal, Khurl, Kondal, Kundan, Kundi, Kundra, Ladoiya, Ladroiye, Lakhanpal, Lall, Layal, Leel, Lotay, Ladu, Maan, Mahal, Manku, Manpotra, Manour, Manoor, Marbey, Marua, Marwaha, Matharu, Meen, Mehne, Mewh, Misson, Mudhar, Munday, Mutar, Muttay, Nagi, Nandhra, Nanre, Nardoiye, Nota / Notay, Padam, Pandha, Paik, Pannu, Pawar, Plaha, Panesar, Phull, Punni, Ragbotra, Ragho, Rajarh, Rajpal, Ranota, Rattey, Rattan, Rattan Bhardwaj, Rayat / Riat, Rehsi, Reehal, Rehan, Renu, Rooprai / Roopra, Rumana, Rupal, Ralhan, Rakla, Sabarwal, Sadal, Saggu / Sagoo, Saharan, Sahib/Saib/Saab, Salh/Sall, Sapal, Sarna, Sammi, Sains, Sagotra, Sahota, Salaria, Shingari, Sond / Sondh, Seehra/ Sira, Sehmi / Sembhi, Sohal, Sohanpal, Sokhi, Sur / Soor, Surajbansi, Sian / Syan, Sulhan, Sandhu, Sidhu, Sui, Surdhar, Surjan, Vassan, Vahrey, Variah, Vilkhu / Bilkhu, Virdi / Birdi, Virk.